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The Flogging

Flood's Blog: Expostulations by Anthony Flood

Lord Acton (January 10, 1834-June 19, 1902): Libertarian Hero



"The principles of law must stand, he [Hugo Grotius] said, even if we suppose that there is no God. By these inaccurate terms he meant that they must be found independently of Revelation. From that time it became possible to make politics a matter of principle and of conscience, so that men and nations differing in all other things could live in peace together, under the sanctions of a common law." John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, First Lord Acton, Essays on Freedom and Power [Glencoe, IL: Free Press] 1948, 45.


Much material for reflection on the occasion of Acton's 173rd birthday (a nice round number) may be found in my contribution to LewRockwell.com last April. For links to essays by Acton, Himmelfarb, Rothbard, and Smith, as well as a response to an anti-Actonian historian by the Flogger, see my Acton page.


Once More on Rockwell’s November “Hope”

When I was a teenage commie in the early ‘70s, the more cynical among us could usually predict the post-election hosannas that the Daily World, the Party’s East Coast rag, would trumpet. Leading comrades ever insisted that the masses, even if subjectively anti-Communist, were on our side objectively. (“Look how many votes George McGovern got! A real slap in the face to the forces of reaction!”)

And so I come down with a bout of paramnesia whenever someone tries to make a libertarian silk purse out of the sow’s ear of electoral results. For the second time in three weeks, Lew Rockwell has tried to convince us that the recent elections demonstrated that “ideology” can trump economic self-interest. More controversially, he holds that this “should make us optimistic about the prospects for liberty, even under the current system of politics, which seems so rigged against the triumph of ideals.” (“The Hope of November”)

I hope I’ve misunderstood him, because, I cannot imagine Rockwell’s holding that there’s anything about the electoral triumph of ideas (“ideology”) or ideals in itself that is cause for libertarian optimism. For the latter would require that the triumphant ideas (or ideals) of the voting majority be (at least somewhat) libertarian. But there is no evidence that they are. And I assume there’s no need to cite the previous century’s many examples of the triumph of anti-libertarian ideas.




“Impeach the American People!”

Thanks to Lew Rockwell for giving the following essay of Butler Shaffer’s pride of place on his site today. Perhaps it doesn’t formally contradict Rockwell’s recent praise of the American electorate for its alleged elevation of moral principle over economic interest, but squaring his evaluation of their rectitude with Shaffer’s cannot be easy. This is not the first time The Flogger’s journalistic staggerings have been able to lean on their firmer and more elegant complements in the writings of Professor Shaffer. (See previous posts on his review of V for Vendetta and of the search for the truth about 9/11.)

* * *



Now that George Bush’s marbled columns of support have turned to sand, there is talk of impeachment and, perhaps, even his criminal prosecution, along with that of his coterie of unprincipled administration thugs and advisors who helped turn America into the 21st century equivalent of 1939 Germany. If Bill Clinton was to be impeached for lying about his oval office peccadilloes, the bill of particulars against Mr. Bush and his fellow barbarians rises to exponential levels of insistence.

I refuse to take part in this whooping and hollering. It is driven by the same refusal of men and women to examine what they have made of themselves that allowed Mr. Bush to mobilize their “dark side” energies into murderous attacks upon hundreds of thousands of innocent people; to torture and detain – without hopes of trial – anyone the administration saw fit to deprive of their liberties; and to turn America into the kind of dystopian police-state that was beyond the fertile imaginations of Messrs. Orwell and Huxley. It is, in a word, just another collective exercise in scapegoating.

This is not to suggest that Mr. Bush and his fellow butchers and plug-uglies are not deserving of punishment. While “justice” amounts to little more than the redistribution of violence, those who consider themselves called upon by God to slaughter, torture, and otherwise destroy the lives of their fellow humans, need to be held accountable for their actions. But I resent any notion that they ought to be answerable to the same people who, over the past five years, could not find enough flags to wave, bumper-stickers to attach to their cars, or angry vitriol to direct at what few of their neighbors retained a sufficient sense of maturity and integrity to resist the collective madness that now defines America. . . .


For the rest of “Impeach the American People!” go here.

What Does Matter, Lew?

Lew Rockwell finally replied to the e-mail that was the subject of the previous post – once it was a post. (It pays to blog.)

Dear Tony, That doesn't matter. The point is that people voted based on an ideal rather than their perceived economic self-interest. In any case, the handling of the war and the war itself are inseparable, same as socialism and the handling of socialism.

My point, Lew, was that very few Americans deserved the praise that your piece bestowed rather promiscuously on “the people.”

By overlooking the nearly half of the electorate who voted “red,” you overstated your point.

And are not the victorious “blues” best represented by Congressman Murtha, who supported the war then but now prefers to spend the $8 billion monthly/$11 million hourly (the war’s current cost, as Murtha informed Katie Couric several times last night) on the welfare side of the welfare-warfare State?

Your analogy with socialism is lost on me. Since when has dissatisfaction with actual attempts to socialize ever soured the masses to the ideal of socialism?

In the mass, "the people" bought Bush’s party line on Iraq, and had the war been the advertised “cakewalk,” few would have uttered a peep of protest. Opposition is purely pragmatic: the current policy's “not working.”

As Murtha made clear, the empire-compatible euphemism of the day is “redeployment.” The “anti-war” party cannot even bring itself to use the word “withdrawal,” let alone “disarmament.” In response to Ms. Couric's point-blank challenge to clarify whether he's calling for WITHDRAWAL Murtha says he wants


complete redeployment of our troops out of Iraq over a period of time. . . . They could go to Bahrain, they could go to Kuwait, they could go to the periphery. We’re not deserting Iraq. What we’re doing is sending our troops to the periphery where they can go back in if [Iraq's turmoil] endangers our troops or if it endangers our allies.


Gee, we have so many allies in that region, I can't tell whom he meant. But don't expect "the people" to grill him about it.

But I guess my Hoppean point about the demos’ lust for power doesn’t matter. All that matters is that they traded in one war party for another.

If “Both Parties Are Part of the Problem,” . . .
. . . How Can Their Supporters Be Part of the Solution? A Question for Lew Rockwell

With his characteristic talent for giving the most pessimistic among us reason to pause, Lew Rockwell found a silver lining in the recent electoral results (“War Loses, Again”): it was an idealistic, not narrowly economistic, referendum on the war.

Here are the paragraphs I dispute (although the whole essay is worth pondering):


“We've grown accustomed to believing that economic interest alone dictates voter habits. From that point of view, voters have little to complain about on the surface. Unemployment is low, stocks are up, inflation is mixed but under control, and growth is not brilliant but creditable. The Iraq War is in the news constantly but it has little impact on most American voters. The draft is threatened but not likely. The war debt is high but hidden. What do regular Americans care whether we were lied into war or that Iraq suffers under military occupation that is driving the country into the hands of fanatical Islamic theocrats? Well, apparently many voters do care, even those who don't have family members fighting and dying. Many people voted based on what might otherwise seem to be an abstraction. Bush undertook this war with arrogance and claims of god-like power. The result has been catastrophic. And apparently this amazing failure of government had an impact on the vote.

“How very 19th century! How very extraordinary! It seems that a certain impulse toward idealism still can make the margin of difference. It's not only about economic interest. Issues of peace and justice and truthfulness really do matter, even now. Ideas and not interests alone can still change the course of history, even in an age of cynical democracy in which buying and selling votes is said to be what matters.”

“. . . Let there be no more talk of the good guys and bad guys in the mainstream of American political life. The state in all its forms is the enemy, and both parties are part of the problem. . . . The election of 2006 shows that short-term economic interests alone do not always dictate the political future.”



To which I replied in a yet-unanswered e-mail:

Lew, I disagree. (I guess there's a first time for everything.) If you qualify your thesis enough I suppose it is unanswerable, but I find nothing in yesterdays's voting to suggest anything other than strong and widespread disapproval of the handling of the war, not of the war itself.



Don't Forget to Vote Your Neighbor's Pocketbook!

In the spirit of things and in order to give pigs at the trough some quiet time to reflect on their civic duty to the common good, the Flogger is withholding his expostulations for the rest of the day.


Are Voters Looters?

Myths of "civic duty," "the common good," and "the consent of the governed" prevent the pigs at the trough not only from grasping their status as charcuterie menu items, but their own aspirations as charcutiers.--The Flogger

Hans-Hermann Hoppe on Democracy as State’s Preferred Method of Maximizing Income

From A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism, Kluwer Academic, 1989, pp. 158-161

An ordinary profit-oriented business would try to adopt a decision-making structure best suited to its goal of maximizing income through the perception and implementation of entrepreneurial opportunities, i.e., differences in production costs and anticipated product demand.

The state, in comparison, faces the entirely different task of adopting a decision-making structure which allows it to increase maximally its coercively appropriated income—given its power to threaten and bribe persons into supporting it by granting them special favors.

I submit that the best decision-making structure for doing so is a democratic constitution, i.e., the adoption of majority rule. In order to realize the validity of this thesis, only the following assumption need be made.

Not only the persons actually representing the state have the desire . . . to increase their income at the expense of a corresponding income reduction of natural owners, producers, and contractors. This lust for power and the desire to rule others also exists among the people governed.


Democracy: The Wool We Pull over Our Own Eyes As We Grasp at the Ring of Power

“From the twelfth to the eighteenth century governmental authority grew continuously. The process was understood by all who saw it happening; it stirred them to incessant protest and to violent reaction.

“In later times its growth has continued at an accelerated pace, and its extension has brought a corresponding extension of war. And now we no longer understand the process, we no longer protest, we no longer react. This quiescence of ours is a new thing, for which Power has to thank the smoke-screen in which it has wrapped itself. Formerly it could be seen, manifest in the person of the king, who did not disclaim being the master he was, and in whom human passions were discernible. Now, masked in anonymity, it claims to have no existence of its own, and to be but the impersonal and passionless instrument of the general will.

“But that is clearly a fiction. Today as always Power is in the hands of a group of men who control the power house. . . . All that has changed is that it has now been made easy for the ruled to change the personnel of the leading wielders of Power. Viewed from one angle, this weakens Power, because the wills which control a society’s life can, at the society’s pleasure, be replaced by other wills, in which it feels more confidence.

“But by opening the prospect of Power to all the ambitious talents, this arrangement makes the extension of Power much easier. Under the ancien regime, society’s moving spirits, who had . . . no chance of a share in Power, were quick to denounce its smallest encroachment.

“Now . . . when everyone is potentially a minister, no one is concerned to cut down an office to which he aspires one day himself, or to put sand in a machine which he means to use himself when his turn comes.”

Bertrand de Jouvenel (1903-1987) On Power, New York, 1949, pp. 9-10, as quoted by Hans-Hermann Hoppe, A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism, Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA, 1989, 161-162.

Knaves and Dupes

More classic anti-democratic gems like the one below will be coming your way in the run-up to next week's mutual pocket-picking ritual. While these media circuses "grapple with the issues,” e.g., which candidate is more of a crook or liar than his rival, who is “soft on terror,” they obscure our view of the people’s own lust for power, their desire to control scarce resources that they neither own nor trade for.

That’s the dirty little secret that everyone intellectually understands but will not face. As everyone knows, we’ve heard every electioneering slogan before, and for generations. And, as everyone knows, the State’s unearned share of the nation’s wealth continues to increase, as does its aggravation of her problems. But adults who were not yet born when I first took notice of that claptrap are now mouthing it on cue, with their suits and blow-dried hair and toothy grins, to the predictable applause of the bovine masses.

Everyone knows that government has no resources it did not first forcibly confiscate. And no one is surprised when government is “broken.” But everyone wants it fixed in time for their turn to loot the treasury. Noble-sounding slogans clothe the libido dominandi in mythical tones that sound beneath the surface of conscious attention, like the proverbial wool over one's eyes.

What is mentally subterranean, however, is very difficult to exercise control over, let alone exorcise. Therefore, most voters know not what they do. When they proudly pull the levers that serve to legitimize the system by which they pick each other's pockets, most of them do so innocently, abeit in a tragic sort of way.

But not all. Let us hear Lysander Spooner (1808-1887).

The ostensible supporters of the Constitution . . . are made up of three classes, viz.:

1. Knaves, a numerous and active class, who see in the government an instrument which they can use for their own aggrandizement or wealth.

2. Dupes . . . each of whom, because he is allowed one voice out of millions in deciding what he may do with his own person and his own property, and because he is permitted to have the same voice in robbing, enslaving, and murdering others, that others have in robbing, enslaving, and murdering himself, is stupid enough to imagine that he is a "free man," a "sovereign"; that this is "a free government"; "a government of equal rights," "the best government on earth," and such like absurdities.

3. A class who have some appreciation of the evils of government, but either do not see how to get rid of them, or do not choose to so far sacrifice their private interests as to give themselves seriously and earnestly to the work of making a change.

Lysander Spooner, No Treason, No. 6: The Constitution of No Authority,




Why I Don't Vote


Thousands have died so that Iraqis might partake of democracy's sacrament. In the following essay, which I’ve been tweaking for ten years, I explain why I long ago apostatized from one of modernity's cults, after which I append links to complementary essays.

* * *

I don’t vote, but not because I am apathetic. Pulling levers in a booth is not so inconvenient that I would not endure it for the sake of a compensating good to which I am entitled.

The alleged compensating good, however, escapes me, whereas the evil attaching to it is obvious and substantial.

When shareholders vote on corporate policies they exercise their own property rights. They violate no one else’s. Neither do club members when they elect officers. Citizens of a democracy, however, are neither shareholders nor club members. They are rather seekers of ends whose achievement requires the control of resources they do not own without regard for the wishes of those who do own them. Voters therefore are accomplices to a system of brigandage.

The control or confiscation of property through taxation, regulation, or restriction of trade, however, comprises virtually all of the "issues" of political elections. If individuals lack rights in scarce resources, they can hardly acquire such rights simply by voting them into existence by fiat. Leave to elections only those decisions that honor that moral reality and nothing is left. Even voting to repeal bad legal code legitimizes the process by which more will be enacted.

Mindless slogans like, "Bad people are sent to Washington by good people who don’t vote," apparently intended to induce guilt, suggest that non-agents are agents, that those who refrain from acting are responsible for acting. But nonvoters do not send anyone anywhere. If nobody voted, nobody, good or evil, would be sent to Washington.

That is, if they gave an election and nobody came, no one could claim to tax and draft "by the power vested in them by the people.” Free people on free markets would determine who receive which goods and services, including the socially necessary services like police now monopolized by the State, and including charitable services for those unable to earn for themselves.

Increasingly, eligible voters prefer to be left alone. Of those who register to vote, however, most seem to prefer to attain monopoly (non-market-derived) privilege for themselves, or to influence the conduct of monopolies, than to abolish them. The tragic, unintended result, however, is that they (and/or their loved ones) are lied to, robbed, enslaved, and sometimes even killed, either in a war on foreign soil or on the streets the State’s police cannot or will not protect. This is the price they pay for being so uncreative as to rely on voting to "make a difference."

I withdrew my “consent to be governed” long ago. Why don’t you withdraw yours?

April 24, 1996
(revised October 28, 2006)


Anti-Democracy 101


Butler Shaffer, Don't Vote [2006]

David Gordon, What's the Argument for Democracy? [2005]

Butler Shaffer, The Rational Choice for Election Day [2004]

Hans Hoppe, Why Bad Men Rule [2004]

Hans Hoppe, Down with Democracy [2000] See Hoppe's site for more articles and information about his Democracy: The God That Failed

Murray N. Rothbard, On Democracy [1962]

Republican Neo-Gnostic Power of the Will

In “We’re Living in the Dream World of George W. Bush” on today’s LewRockwell, Gene Callahan exploits the irony that neocons, presumptive heirs to a political movement that once took seriously Eric Voegelin’s diagnosis of modernity as gnostic, are now that spiritual malady’s poster children. As a White House adviser lectured New York Times’ writer Ron Suskind two years ago (Callahan provides the link):

We’re an empire now, and when we act, we create our own reality. And while you’re studying that reality—judiciously, as you will—we’ll act again, creating other new realities, which you can study too, and that’s how things will sort out. We’re history's actors . . . and you, all of you, will be left to just study what we do.

As Callahan suggests, they’re also history’s patients.

While we’re on the Voegelinian topic of existence in untruth, let’s hear a few words from the master:

In our capacity as political scientists, historians, or philosophers we all have had occasion at one time or another to engage in debate with ideologists . . . . And we have all discovered on such occasions that no agreement, or even an honest disagreement, could be reached, because the exchange of argument was disturbed by a profound difference of attitude with regard to all fundamental questions of human existence—with regard to the nature of man, to his place in the world, to his place in society and history, to his relation to God. Rational argument could not prevail because the partner to the discussion did not accept as binding for himself the matrix of reality in which all specific questions concerning our existence as human beings are ultimately rooted; he has overlaid the reality of existence with another mode of existence that Robert Musil has called the Second Reality. . . . [B]ehind the appearance of a rational debate there lurked the difference of two modes of existence, of existence in truth and existence in untruth. The universe of rational discourse collapses, we may say, when the common ground of existence in reality has disappeared.

. . . The speculations of classic and scholastic metaphysics are edifices of reason erected on the experiential basis of existence in truth; they are useless in a meeting with edifices of reason erected on a different experiential basis. Nevertheless, we cannot withdraw into these edifices and let the world go by, for in that case we would be remiss in our duty of “debate.” The “debate” has, therefore, to assume the forms of (1) a careful analysis of the noetic structure of existence and (2) an analysis of Second Realities with regard to both their constructs and the motivating structure of existence in untruth. “Debate” in this form is hardly a matter of reasoning (though it remains one of the Intellect), but rather of the analysis of existence preceding rational constructions; it is medical in character in that it has to diagnose the syndromes of untrue existence and by their noetic structure to initiate, if possible, a healing process.

“On Debate and Existence”
Intercollegiate Review, 1967; Collected Works, Vol. 12